企業(yè)各項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)的進(jìn)行都離不開項(xiàng)目，一個個小項(xiàng)目組合成大項(xiàng)目，直到整個公司的運(yùn)營。

本篇主要對項(xiàng)目的計(jì)劃階段進(jìn)行整理和總結(jié)。

Project Management (項(xiàng)目管理) （三）

2. Planning Phase（計(jì)劃階段）

The project planning phase often is also called the "design phase“. It is the second phase in the project life cycle and involves creating a set of plans to help guide the team through the execution and closure phases of the project. The plans will focus on the management of time, cost, quality, change, risk and other issues. Furthermore, they will be used to manage staff and external suppliers.

項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃的階段也叫設(shè)計(jì)階段，具體分為以下六個方面：

The plans include these elements:

2.1 Project Management Plan（項(xiàng)目管理計(jì)劃）

is used to coordinate all project planning documents;

facilitates communication among stakeholders;

provides a baseline (i.e. starting point) for progress measurement and project control (briefly describes the overall scope, time and cost baseline and should be flexible and receptive).

項(xiàng)目管理計(jì)劃是指整合協(xié)調(diào)所有的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃相關(guān)文件，及時(shí)與利益相關(guān)者進(jìn)行交流溝通，以及提供時(shí)間計(jì)劃和管理控制項(xiàng)目的方面。

2.2 Work Breakdown Structure（項(xiàng)目分解結(jié)構(gòu)）

specifies the breakdown of the project into tasks and sub-tasks (identifies the work that needs to be done; determines the resources required; sequences the work done; assists with cost control; and improves estimates).

把項(xiàng)目的任務(wù)進(jìn)行細(xì)分，分為主要和次要或sub-tasks。

2.3 Resource Histogram（資源柱狀圖表）

The resource histogram specifies who will do what work at which time of the project.

To construct a resource histogram, the numbers of people who are or could be working at the same time at a particular task are detailed.

By drawing these diagrams, managers are able ask the questions: "Do I need that many people?" and "Can this activity be done by someone else?

項(xiàng)目的表述包括一系列的手段和方式，包括各種圖表的展現(xiàn)方式。